Here is the detailed clinical profile for:
💉 Sodium Bicarbonate Injection (as per IP)
✅ DESCRIPTION
Sodium Bicarbonate Injection is a sterile, non-pyrogenic, alkalizing solution used primarily to treat metabolic acidosis and related conditions. It acts by buffering excess hydrogen ions and restoring acid-base balance in the body.
⚖️ COMPOSITION (as per IP)
- Sodium bicarbonate: typically 7.5% w/v or 8.4% w/v solution
- This equals:
- 7.5 g or 8.4 g of sodium bicarbonate per 100 mL
- Each mL of 8.4% solution provides:
- 1 mEq/mL of sodium (Na⁺)
- 1 mEq/mL of bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻)
🌿 NATURE
- Alkalinizing agent
- Hypertonic solution
- pH: ~7.0–8.5
- Used intravenously only
📌 USES
- Metabolic acidosis (e.g., renal failure, shock, severe diarrhea)
- Cardiac arrest (as part of ACLS protocols)
- Drug intoxications (e.g., salicylates, tricyclic antidepressants)
- Hyperkalemia (shifts potassium into cells)
- Urinary alkalinization
🌟 ADVANTAGES
- Rapidly restores acid-base balance
- Provides buffer reserve in critically ill patients
- Useful in acute resuscitation settings
- Can protect cardiac function during severe acidosis
⚠️ PRECAUTIONS
- Use with caution in:
- Chronic respiratory acidosis (can worsen CO₂ retention)
- Renal impairment
- Congestive heart failure (risk of sodium overload)
- Requires slow administration to prevent complications
- Monitor blood gases and serum electrolytes during therapy
❌ CONTRAINDICATIONS
- Metabolic or respiratory alkalosis
- Hypocalcemia (may worsen with bicarbonate use)
- Hypochloremia
- Sodium-restricted patients
💢 SIDE EFFECTS
- Metabolic alkalosis if overdosed
- Hypokalemia, hypocalcemia
- Tissue necrosis if extravasated (high pH)
- Volume overload, especially in cardiac/renal patients
📦 PACKING
- Typically available as:
- 25 mL, 50 mL, or 100 mL vials/ampoules
- Concentrations: 7.5%, 8.4% w/v
🧊 STORAGE
- Store below 30°C
- Do not refrigerate or freeze
- Protect from light and heat
- Use immediately after opening