Active Ingredient: A sterile, colorless to pale yellow solution containing protamine sulphate (or sulfate), a highly basic, low molecular weight protein.
Concentration: Each milliliter of the injection contains 10 milligrams (mg) of protamine sulphate, designed for intravenous (IV) administration.
Advantages
Rapid Heparin Reversal: Provides immediate and complete neutralization of the anticoagulant effects of unfractionated heparin, making it critical in bleeding emergencies.
Effective Neutralization: Efficiently reverses the anticoagulant action by forming a stable complex with heparin, rendering it inactive.
Uses
Heparin Overdose: Primarily used to treat an overdose of unfractionated heparin, which can lead to excessive bleeding.
Post-Procedure Reversal: Administered after procedures (like cardiac surgery or dialysis) where high doses of heparin were used, to quickly restore normal coagulation and prevent post-procedure bleeding.
Nature
Heparin Antagonist: Protamine sulphate is a highly positively charged (basic) protein that acts as a specific chemical antagonist to heparin, which is highly negatively charged.
Complex Formation: It functions by forming a stable, inactive ion-pair complex with heparin in the bloodstream. This neutralizes heparin’s anticoagulant activity, allowing the body’s natural coagulation cascade to resume.
Storage
Temperature: Store at controlled room temperature, typically between 20∘C to 25∘C (68∘F to 77∘F).
Protection: Protect from freezing and excessive heat; solutions should be clear and colorless, discard if discolored or contains particulate matter.
