Active Ingredient: A sterile, aqueous solution containing phytomenadione (also known as phytonadione), which is the synthetic form of Vitamin K1.
Concentration: Each milliliter of the injection contains 10 milligrams (mg) of Vitamin K1, formulated for parenteral administration (typically IV or SC, sometimes IM).
Advantages
Rapid Onset of Action: When administered intravenously, its effect is generally detectable within an hour or two, making it critical for urgent reversal of anticoagulant effects or active bleeding.
Bypasses Malabsorption: It is highly effective in patients with malabsorption syndromes or those unable to absorb oral vitamin K, ensuring direct systemic availability.
Uses
Reversal of Anticoagulants: Primarily used as an antidote to reverse the effects of coumarin-derived oral anticoagulants (like warfarin) in cases of overdose or significant bleeding.
Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding (VKDB): Used for both prophylaxis and treatment of VKDB, especially in neonates, and for hypoprothrombinemia caused by conditions limiting vitamin K absorption or synthesis (e.g., obstructive jaundice, celiac disease).
Nature
Fat-Soluble Vitamin: Phytomenadione is a fat-soluble vitamin, essential for the liver’s production of active blood clotting factors.
Co-factor for Carboxylase: It acts as a crucial co-factor for the enzyme gamma-glutamyl carboxylase, which is necessary to activate coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X, as well as anticoagulant proteins C and S. This activation is vital for normal blood clotting.
Storage
Temperature: Store at controlled room temperature, typically between $20^\circ C$ to $25^\circ C$ ($68^\circ F$ to $77^\circ F$).
Light Protection: Keep the vials or ampoules in their original carton until the time of use, as phytomenadione is highly sensitive to light degradation.
Do Not Freeze: Freezing can compromise the integrity and effectiveness of the solution.
Single-Dose Vial: Most presentations are for single-dose use, and any unused portion should be discarded immediately after opening.
Visual Inspection: Before administration, visually inspect the solution; it should be clear and free of particulate matter.
