Lignocaine (1%) + Adrenaline (1:200,000 or 5 mcg/mL) Injection
📘 About / Description
This is a combined injectable anesthetic formulation containing:
- Lignocaine 1% = 10 mg/mL – a local anesthetic
- Adrenaline (Epinephrine) = 1:200,000 (or 5 micrograms/mL) – a vasoconstrictor
The adrenaline prolongs the effect of lignocaine and reduces its systemic absorption by constricting local blood vessels.
💠 Formulation Details
- Lignocaine hydrochloride: 10 mg/mL (1%)
- Adrenaline (epinephrine): 5 µg/mL (1:200,000)
- pH adjusted (typically 3.3–5.5 to maintain adrenaline stability)
- Clear, colorless solution
- Route: SC, IM, or local infiltration
- Packaging: 2 mL / 5 mL / 10 mL ampoules or vials
📝 Prescription Category
- Rx Only (Schedule H in India)
- For hospital or qualified clinical use only
💊 Uses
- Local anesthesia in minor surgical, dental, ENT, gynecological, or dermatological procedures
- Regional nerve blocks (e.g., dental nerve block)
- Wound suturing, incision and drainage, minor skin surgeries
- Hemostasis support in small surgeries (due to vasoconstriction)
- Dental applications for tooth extraction, root canal, and fillings
🌿 Nature / Mechanism
- Lignocaine: Blocks sodium channels in neurons → prevents nerve impulse transmission
- Adrenaline: Activates alpha-adrenergic receptors → vasoconstriction → prolongs anesthesia, reduces bleeding and systemic absorption
✅ Advantages
- Prolonged duration of action (1.5–2x longer than plain lignocaine)
- Reduced systemic toxicity risk
- Minimized bleeding at the surgical site
- Faster onset and more profound anesthesia
⚠️ Precautions
- Avoid use in:
- End-arterial areas: fingers, toes, nose, ears, penis (risk of ischemia/necrosis)
- Severe cardiovascular disease or hypertension
- Use cautiously in:
- Elderly patients
- Pregnant women
- Patients on beta-blockers, MAO inhibitors, or tricyclic antidepressants
- Dosage limits:
- Max: 7 mg/kg lignocaine (with adrenaline)
- Typical adult max dose: 500 mg lignocaine (i.e., 50 mL of 1% solution)
🚫 Contraindications
- Allergy to lignocaine or amide-type anesthetics
- Known hypersensitivity to adrenaline
- Severe heart disease, uncontrolled hypertension
- Local infection at injection site
- Do NOT inject into end arteries
🧪 Storage
- Store at 2°C–8°C (refrigerated) to protect adrenaline
- Use immediately after opening
- Discard discolored or expired solution
- Protect from light and do not freeze