💉 Glycopyrrolate Injection 0.2 mg/mL
📘 Description:
Glycopyrrolate Injection 0.2 mg/mL is a sterile, non-pyrogenic solution of glycopyrrolate, a synthetic quaternary ammonium anticholinergic (antimuscarinic) agent. It is primarily used pre-operatively to reduce secretions, prevent vagal bradycardia, and in conjunction with reversal agents after anesthesia.
🔹 Formulation:
- Active ingredient: Glycopyrrolate
- Concentration: 0.2 mg/mL
- Appearance: Clear, colorless solution
- Packaging: 1 mL, 2 mL ampoules or vials
- Route of administration: IV (intravenous) or IM (intramuscular)
- Preservative-free options available for specific uses
🧪 Nature / Mechanism of Action:
Glycopyrrolate blocks acetylcholine at parasympathetic sites in smooth muscle, secretory glands, and the CNS. Being quaternary, it does not cross the blood-brain barrier, minimizing CNS side effects.
🩺 Uses / Indications:
- Pre-anesthetic medication – reduces salivary, tracheobronchial, and pharyngeal secretions
- Prevention of intraoperative bradycardia
- Reversal of neuromuscular blockade (with neostigmine or pyridostigmine)
- Peptic ulcer adjunct (rarely used now)
- Treatment of vagally-mediated arrhythmias
✅ Advantages:
- Longer duration than atropine
- Minimal CNS side effects (doesn’t cross BBB)
- Effective drying agent
- Good for combination with cholinesterase inhibitors
- Reduces risk of bradycardia during surgery
⚠️ Precautions:
- Caution in:
- Glaucoma
- Prostatic hypertrophy
- Paralytic ileus
- Coronary artery disease
- Use carefully in elderly patients
🚨 Side Effects:
- Dry mouth
- Constipation
- Blurred vision
- Tachycardia
- Urinary retention
- Rare: hypersensitivity reactions
📏 Dosage (Adults):
- Pre-anesthetic: 0.004 mg/kg IM or IV, ~30–60 minutes before anesthesia
- With reversal agents: 0.2 mg per 1 mg of neostigmine
- Always adjust by weight and indication
📦 Storage:
- Store below 25°C
- Protect from light
- Do not freeze
- Discard unused solution after opening (if single-use)