💊 Allopurinol Tablet 300 mg
📘 Description:
Allopurinol 300 mg is a prescription oral medication used to lower uric acid levels in the blood. It is typically a white or off-white tablet, round or oval, and scored for dose splitting if needed. This strength is often used for moderate to severe hyperuricemia.
🔬 Nature / Pharmacologic Class:
- Class: Xanthine oxidase inhibitor
- Mechanism of Action: Inhibits the enzyme xanthine oxidase, reducing conversion of hypoxanthine and xanthine to uric acid, thereby decreasing uric acid levels in blood and urine.
🩺 Prescription / Uses:
| Indication | Purpose |
|---|---|
| Chronic gout | Prevents future gout attacks |
| Hyperuricemia due to chemotherapy or renal disease | Reduces uric acid buildup |
| Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) | Prophylaxis to prevent acute kidney damage |
| Urate nephropathy | Protects kidneys in chronic uric acid elevation |
| Prevention of uric acid kidney stones | Especially in patients with high uric acid output |
✅ Advantages:
- Powerful uric acid-lowering effect
- Well-suited for long-term use in chronic conditions
- Once-daily dosing with 300 mg is convenient for patients
- Can prevent joint damage, tophi, and renal issues
- Used prophylactically in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy
⚠️ Precautions:
- Initiate at lower doses (e.g., 100 mg) and titrate to 300 mg to avoid gout flare-ups
- Renal impairment requires dose adjustments
- Use with caution in elderly or patients with liver disease
- Risk of hypersensitivity reactions increases with higher doses
- Adequate hydration is important to prevent kidney stones
💊 Dosage & Administration:
| Use Case | Typical Dose |
|---|---|
| Initial dose | Usually starts at 100 mg/day |
| Maintenance dose | 200–600 mg/day (in divided or single dose) |
| Typical adult dose | 300 mg once daily |
| Maximum dose | Up to 800 mg/day |
| Renal impairment | Reduce dose based on eGFR |
Never start during an acute gout attack — wait until the attack subsides.
📦 Storage Conditions:
- Store at 15–30°C (59–86°F)
- Keep in original container, away from moisture
- Keep out of reach of children
📌 Patient Tips:
- Take after meals to reduce stomach upset
- Stay hydrated to support kidney function
- May take weeks to see full benefit
- Don’t stop medication abruptly; consult doctor
- Use colchicine or NSAIDs as needed during initial therapy to prevent flares