💉 Lignocaine 2% + Adrenaline 1:200,000 (5 mcg/mL) Injection
📘 Description
This is a sterile injectable anesthetic solution combining:
- Lignocaine (Lidocaine) 2% – 20 mg/mL: a fast-acting amide-type local anesthetic
- Adrenaline (Epinephrine) 1:200,000 – 5 micrograms/mL: a vasoconstrictor used to prolong anesthesia and reduce bleeding.
This combination is widely used for local and regional anesthesia during dental, minor surgical, and diagnostic procedures.
🔹 Formulation
- Lignocaine hydrochloride 2% = 20 mg/mL
- Adrenaline 1:200,000 = 5 mcg/mL
- Solution type: Clear, aqueous, sterile
- Packaging: Glass ampoules or vials (e.g., 2 mL, 5 mL, 10 mL)
- pH: 3.3 to 5.5 (acidic to stabilize adrenaline)
🧪 Nature / Mechanism
- Lignocaine: Blocks voltage-gated sodium channels in neurons → inhibits nerve impulse → causes reversible local numbness
- Adrenaline: Constricts local blood vessels → reduces systemic absorption of lignocaine → prolongs anesthetic effect and reduces bleeding
🩺 Uses / Indications
- Dental procedures: Extractions, fillings, root canal therapy
- Minor surgical procedures: Suturing, skin lesion excision, biopsy
- Regional nerve blocks
- Soft tissue and mucosal anesthesia
- ENT or gynecological procedures (as per protocol)
✅ Advantages
- Quick onset: 1–5 minutes
- Deeper and longer anesthesia
- Lower blood loss due to vasoconstriction
- Minimized systemic absorption → reduces risk of toxicity
- Improved surgical field visibility
⚠️ Precautions
- Avoid use in end-artery areas (e.g., fingers, toes, ears, penis, nose) due to risk of ischemic necrosis
- Use caution in patients with:
- Cardiovascular disease
- Hypertension
- Hyperthyroidism
- Diabetes
- MAOI or TCA use (drug interaction risk)
- Do not exceed max dose:
- With adrenaline: 7 mg/kg (Max ~35 mL in adults)
📦 Storage
- Store between 2°C – 8°C (Refrigerated)
- Protect from light
- Do not freeze
- Use immediately once opened